UV Safe Living: You, We - Living Safe

What are UV rays?

UV or ultraviolet rays are high frequency, short wavelength electromagnetic rays just outside the visible spectrum. They descend upon the Earth as part of the life-giving sunlight. Contrary to the rays of other wavelengths in sunlight, the UV rays are harmful to us. The ozone layer in the stratosphere, composed of O3 molecules, protects the earth's surface from UV rays. However, due to industrial pollution which produces substances like chlorofluorocarbons, the O3 molecules are destroyed. The ozone layer thins, becoming incapable of shielding the earth from UV rays.

Why are UV rays significant?

Because they are harmful and exposure to UV rays mounts. It is not like vitamin-C which flushes out everyday. Eighty percent of the total life time exposure to sun is received before the age of eighteen and the effects last life-long. Therefore, it is important for children to get education on UV safe living.

A chronic exposure to UV rays can cause sunburns, wrinkles, freckles, a leathery texture of the skin, and lead to skin cancer. Not only are the rays themselves carcinogenic, but they also weaken the immune system weakening our ability to fight cancer.

Cataracts and ptyrgiums can arise in the eye. Ptyrgiums are benign growths on the surface of the eye, but they can hinder sight. They have to be surgically removed.

Furthermore, UV rays break down keratin, the protein that makes our hair, and damage hair follicles. Subsequently, hair become fragile and dry.

What precautions can be taken?

Wearing sunscreen, dark colored clothing that covers as much of the skin as possible, hats, sunglasses, and staying in shaded areas. The SPF number of sunscreen refers to its ability to screen or block out the sun's burning rays. It varies from 2- 50 or more. The American Academy of Dermatology suggests using broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 all year round. The SPF number reflects the screening ability only for UVB rays. No FDA approved UVA protective sunscreen is available as of now, but scientists are researching.

Waterproof sunscreen is important so it does not wear off with sweat or swimming. Sunscreen can be applied under make-up, if make-up is necessary. However, let me warn you, that make-up is in the Not-Good category for skin. Acknowledge the expiry date on sunscreens.

Wearing sunscreen helps, but it isn't a 100% blockage. So cover skin with dark clothing. Light colors have more transmissibility. (Light colored clothing is suggested because it does not retain heat. During activities of vigorous exercise such as running, it is better to wear light colors to avoid heat strokes and water loss. For more information see Running Safety.)

Wearing a hat will save your hair, or skin, from UV attacks. That is why people whose cultures have developed under severe sunlight have traditional clothing that involves covering the head. National Weather Services and Environmental Protection Agency have made a UV index (UV levels from 0-11+) to help people decide how long can they be outdoors while making their next day's plans. By entering your zip code you can check the UV level in your area.

About Sunglasses

Similarly, sunglasses will shelter your eyes. Sunglasses' lenses are chemically coated to reflect off UV rays. Unlike popular belief, dark shades are not more efficient because color is not associated with UV blockage. The color of the lens does effect the image seen through it.

Gray lenses bring a slightly darker shade to the surroundings, but leave images undistorted which makes them good for driving.

Yellow lenses change color perception. They reflect off blue light more than other light which makes images have a bluish tint. They are generally good for snow activity.

Brown, brownish red, purple, and pink shades reduce some glare (To effectively eliminate glare, wear polarized sunglasses). Brown lenses do not cause distortion and are good for general purposes. Pink and purple lenses create higher contrast against blue and green, which makes them a prudent choice for hunting.

Finally, green tints are the all-rounders. They create minimal distortion and the highest contrast.

When buying sunglasses, realize that cheap glasses are as effective in blockage as the more expensive kind. Cheap glasses are usually not as durable. They are made of cheaper plastics and screws. They do not come with warranties. The important factor in choosing sunglasses is their label. It should read 99% or 100% UVA and UVB protection. Also, choose glasses with big wrap around lenses so your eyes are protected from all sides.

But can't we change the situation?

Yes. Recycle. Use less foam products. Don't buy individual TV's for each member of the family. Support environmental clubs and public transportation, which will help decrease pollution and CFC's in the environment. Let the ozone exist !

For more information, call Environmental Protection Agency's Stratospheric Ozone Hotline at 800-296-1996. They provide fact sheets and other useful information.

~ Anudha Mittal for safetyissues.com